LOOK & LEARN
| LOOK & LEARN |
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| WHAT IS ??? > A TO Z | |||||||||
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AMETHYST
=
LIGHT TO DARK PURPLE NATURAL QUARTZ SEMIPRECIOUS
GEMSTONE > WITH A MOHS HARDNESS OF 7.
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| AMERICAN BRILLIANT CUT = A TYPE OF POPULAR ROUND GEMSTONE CUT WITH 58 FACETS > MOST MODERN DIAMOND JEWELS ARE CUT IN THIS WAY. SEE THE PHOTOS BELOW OF THREE AMERICAN BRILLANT CUT FANCY COLORED DIAMONDS. >>> ALSO SEE "CUT" BELOW. | |||||||||
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BIRTHSTONE
=
AS AN OLD TRADITION, >
EACH MONTH OF THE YEAR
& ZODIAC SIGN HAS A NATURAL GEMSTONE ASSIGNED TO IT.
ALSO > BE AWARE THAT THERE ARE OTHER LESS
COSTLY SYNTHETIC & SIMULATED GEMSTONES THAT CAN BE SUBSTITUTED FOR
THE ORIGINAL TWELVE NATURAL " BIRTHSTONES
". TO SEE THE
WTUSA
BIRTH STONE & ZODIAC
STONE CHART > WITH PHOTOS
/ CLICK ON THIS GOLD BALL >
BUCHERER = A HIGHLY RATED OLD SWISS COMPANY THAT WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1888 > IN LUCERNE, SWITZERLAND. THEY ARE THE MAKERS & SELLERS OF FINE HIGH QUALITY WATCHS / JEWELRY, .... AND A LONG TIME ASSOCIATE OF THE " ROLEX " WATCH COMPANY. THIS COMPANY IS KNOWN AS " THE TIFFANYS OF SWITZERLAND " .
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CABOCHON = A TYPE OF GEMSTONE CUT ( USUALLY ROUND OR OVAL ) WITH A HIGHLY POLISHED SMOOTH DOME SHAPE > THE JEWEL DOES NOT HAVE THE USUAL FLAT FACETED CUTS. THIS CABOCHON CUT IS USED ON PRECIOUS STAR SAPPHIRE JEWELS ( TO DISPLAY THEIR " ASTERISM " ) , AND ON CAT'S EYE JEWELS ( TO DISPLAY THEIR " CHATOYANCY " ) , & ALSO MANY OTHER SEMI PRECIOUS STONES. >>> ALSO SEE "SAPPHIRE" BELOW. CARAT ( Ct. ) = A PRECISION MEASUREMENT OF THE WEIGHT OF GEMSTONES. ONE CARAT EQUALS 100 POINTS , OR APPROX. ONE FIFTH OF A GRAM. >>> ALSO SEE "POINT" BELOW. BE SURE NOT TO CONFUSE GEMSTONE WEIGHT " CARAT " , WITH GOLD METAL PURITY " KARAT ". SEE THE "IDEAL AMERICAN BRILLIANT CUT" ROUND DIAMOND ESTIMATED CARAT WEIGHT & MILLIMETER SIZE CHART BELOW.
CHINESE DYNASTYS
=
THE MANY PERIODS IN THE COUNTRY OF CHINA'S
VERY LONG HISTORY. TO LEARN MUCH MORE ON THIS SUBJECT >
PLEASE SEE
THE WTUSA
CHINESE CHRONOLOGY
& HISTORY CHART
/ CLICK ON THIS GOLD BALL >
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| CITRINE = LIGHT TO DARK YELLOW NATURAL QUARTZ SEMIPRECIOUS GEMSTONE > WITH A MOHS HARDNESS OF 7. | |||||||||
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CLUSTER = SEVERAL SMALLER DIAMONDS OR OTHER GEMSTONES MOUNTED IN A CLOSE GROUP ON THE HEAD OF A RING, PENDANT, EARRING, PIN, OR OTHER PIECE OF JEWELRY. CLARITY = THE MEASUREMENT OF " INCLUSIONS " ( INTERNAL FLAWS ) IN A FINE DIAMOND OR OTHER TOP QUALITY GEMSTONE. THE RANGE IS FROM INTERNALLY FLAWLESS > VERY VERY SLIGHT > VERY SLIGHT > SLIGHTLY IMPERFECT > IMPERFECT > THEN ON DOWN TO INDUSTRIAL USE. SEE THE CHARTS BELOW SHOWING APPROXIMATE EXAMPLES OF TRANSPARENT CUT JEWELS IN " THE TOP FIVE CLARITY CATEGORIES " .
FLAWLESS GEM >
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COLOR = WHEN TALKING ABOUT " WHITE " ( COLORLESS ) DIAMOND GEMSTONES > IT REFERS TO THE " LACK OF COLOR " OR YELLOW TINT, .... MEASURED BY THE ALPHABET LETTERS " D " THRU " Z " ( SEE THE "WHITE" DIAMOND COLOR CHARTS BELOW ). BUT >>> WHEN REFERRING TO FANCY COLORED DIAMONDS OR THE OTHER COLORED GEMSTONES, .... IT MEANS THE " SHADE " OR " INTENSITY " OF THE COLOR. SEE THE PHOTOS BELOW OF THREE FINE QUALITY " FANCY COLORED " DIAMOND JEWELS. THESE BRILLANT COLORED DIAMONDS CAN BE WORTH EVEN MORE THAN FINE WHITE DIAMONDS OF COMPARABLE SIZE & QUALITY !!! THE WORLD FAMOUS & PRICELESS 45.52 CARAT " HOPE DIAMOND " ON DISPLAY AT THE SMITHSONIAN MUSEUM'S GEM ROOM > IS A VERY LARGE FINE DEEP " BLUE " NATURAL FANCY COLORED DIAMOND JEWEL.
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CUBIC ZIRCONIA ( CZ ) = A MAN MADE VERY HARD ZIRCONIUM OXIDE ( ZrO2 ) MATERIAL USED TO CUT GOOD "DIAMOND SIMULANTS". >>> ALSO SEE "SYNTHETIC" BELOW TO LEARN ABOUT "SIMULANTS". IT IS MAINLY PRODUCED IN CLEAR ( COLORLESS ) , BUT ALSO IN MANY BRIGHT BRILLIANT COLORS. CUBIC ZIRCONIA HAS A MOHS HARDNESS OF APPROX. 8.5 . THIS TRANSPARENT, FLAWLESS, & VERY HARD " CZ " LABORATORY CREATED " GEMMY " MATERIAL IS QUITE INEXPENSIVE PER CARAT > COMPARED TO NATURAL & SYNTHETIC GEMSTONES. CUT =
THE
CUT SHAPE OR FACETING OF THE GEMSTONE. SOME POPULAR CUTS ARE >
ROUND, OVAL, HEART, EMERALD ( OCTAGON ), MARQUISE, PRINCESS, RADIANT,
CUSHION, FANCY, ETC.
>>> ALSO SEE "FACET"
BELOW. TO LEARN
MORE ABOUT FACETED CUT JEWELS > WITH PHOTOS,
SEE THE WTUSA
FACETED GEMSTONE INFORMATION / CLICK
ON THIS GOLD BALL >
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DIAMOND ( Dia. ) = A PRECIOUS GEMSTONE CUT & POLISHED FROM A MINED NATURAL PURE CARBON CRYSTAL > THIS STONE HAS THE TOP HARDNESS OF 10 ON THE MOHS SCALE > ( SEE "MOHS SCALE" BELOW ). WHEN A CLEAR & CLEAN ROUGH DIAMOND CRYSTAL IS CORRECTLY CUT, FACETED, & POLISHED > IT CAN PRODUCE A VERY BEAUTIFUL, BRIGHT, & LIVELY GEMSTONE. THE USUALLY SEEN DIAMOND GEMSTONES ARE "WHITE" ( THIS MEANS THAT THEY ARE NEAR COLORLESS ) > BUT UNKNOWN TO MANY PEOPLE, DIAMONDS ARE ALSO FOUND IN MANY DIFFERENT COLORS ( SEE THE PHOTOS BELOW OF THREE BEAUTIFUL FINE " FANCY COLORED " DIAMOND JEWELS ). THESE BRILLIANT COLORS WERE CAUSED FROM TRACE ELEMENT INFUSION WHEN THE NATURAL CARBON CRYSTAL WAS FORMING BILLIONS OF YEARS AGO, MILLIONS OF YEARS OF NATURAL UNDERGROUND RADIATION EXPOSURE TO A COLORLESS DIAMOND CRYSTAL, OR FROM A MODERN SPECIAL RADIATION COLORING PROCESS DONE BY MAN AFTER THE DIAMOND IS MINED FROM THE EARTH. THE DIAMOND COLOR IS ENTIRELY THRU THE STONE & IS PERMANENT. THE BIG WORLD FAMOUS 45.52 CARAT " HOPE DIAMOND " IS A DEEP " BLUE " NATURAL FANCY COLOR DIAMOND JEWEL. FACETED CUT GEM QUALITY DIAMONDS ARE VERY GOOD FOR RINGS & JEWELRY USE BECAUSE OF THEIR GREAT BEAUTY, & EXCELLENT WEAR / SCRATCH RESISTANCE. DIAMOND CRYSTALS ARE FOUND & MINED ONLY IN CERTAIN AREAS OF THE WORLD > SOME OF THE TOP GEM QUALITY DIAMOND PRODUCERS ARE AFRICA, AUSTRALIA, INDIA, & CANADA. THE UNITED STATES DOES NOT PRODUCE MANY LARGE GEM GRADE DIAMONDS ( BUT A FEW NICE BIG " ROCKS " HAVE BEEN FOUND OVER THE YEARS ) , .... ALTHOUGH MANY SMALLER DIAMOND CRYSTALS HAVE BEEN AND ARE NOW BEING MINED IN ARKANSAS. MOST OF THE WORLD'S MINED GEM QUALITY RAW DIAMOND CRYSTALS ARE THEN SENT TO EUROPE TO BE SORTED, GRADED, AND THEN FACETED CUT INTO BRIGHT BEAUTIFUL JEWELS. THE NATURAL DIAMOND CRYSTALS FORMED UNDER EXTREME HEAT & PRESSURE VERY DEEP DOWN IN THE EARTH'S CRUST > BILLIONS OF YEARS AGO. MANY OF THESE RAW DIAMOND CRYSTALS ARE FOUND IN AN OCTAHEDRON SHAPE > LIKE TWO PYRAMIDS CONNECTED BOTTOM TO BOTTOM ( SEE THE PHOTO BELOW ). MOST DIAMONDS FOUND TODAY ARE MINED FROM DIGGING DEEP DOWN INTO THE EARTH > BUT SOME OF THE CRYSTALS WERE BROUGHT ALL THE WAY UP TO THE EARTH'S SURFACE > THROUGH ANCIENT VOLCANIC "KIMBERLITE PIPES". OCCASIONALLY DIAMOND CRYSTALS HAVE EVEN BEEN FOUND INSIDE METEORITES FROM OUTER SPACE !!! ( FALLING STARS THAT MADE IT ALL THE WAY DOWN TO THE GROUND ). MOST OF THE DIAMONDS FOUND OR MINED ARE SMALLER STONES THAT HAVE VERY POOR CLARITY OR ARE HIGHLY INCLUDED ( DARK & CLOUDY / SERIOUSLY FLAWED ). THESE TOO SMALL OR TOO LOW GRADE TYPE OF DIAMOND CRYSTALS ARE JUST NOT SUITABLE TO BE CUT INTO JEWELS > AND ARE KNOWN AS " INDUSTRIAL" DIAMONDS. THEY ARE INSTEAD TOOTH MOUNTED ON TO ROCK CUTTING INDUSTRIAL STONE BAND SAWS ( EX. > TO CUT HARD GRANITE GRAVE STONES ) & CIRCULAR CONCRETE CUTTING SAWS ( EX. > CONSTRUCTION & STREET REPAIRS ) , AND ATTACHED TO ROCK CUTTING DRILL BITS ( EX. > OIL & WATER DRILLING THRU BEDROCK ) .... OR CRUSHED UP INTO A NUMBERED COARSE TO FINE DIAMOND GRIT TO BE USED AS AN ABRASIVE TO CUT & POLISH THE "GEM" QUALITY DIAMOND CRYSTALS > OR OTHER GEMSTONES. CRUSHED DIAMOND CUTTING GRIT & DIAMOND POLISHING POWDER IS THE HARDEST NATURAL ABRASIVE ( THE TOP NUMBER TEN ON THE MOHS SCALE ) > AND IT WILL EASILY CUT " ANY " OTHER NATURAL STONE. THERE ARE MANY MANY MORE SMALLER GEM QUALITY DIAMOND CRYSTALS FOUND THAN LARGER ONES. PLUS .... MUCH OF THE STARTING CARAT WEIGHT OF THE ORIGINAL RAW DIAMOND CRYSTAL IS LOST DURING THE SHAPING, FACETING, & POLISHING. THERE IS OFTEN OVER A FIFTY PERCENT LOSS ( 50% ) OF ORIGINAL CRYSTAL MATERIAL WHILE CUTTING & POLISHING THE RAW STONE INTO A FINE JEWEL. THEREFOR .... ALL CUT NATURAL DIAMOND GEMSTONES OF ANY SIZE ARE VALUABLE, & THE " LARGER " DIAMOND JEWELS ( OF ANY COLOR ) ARE VERY RARE. THE MONETARY VALUE OF SMALLER TO LARGER DIAMOND JEWELS OF THE SAME QUALITY > GOES UP " EXPONENTIALLY " .
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EMERALD = A PRECIOUS TRUE GREEN COLORED NATURAL BERYL JEWEL > WITH A HARDNESS OF APPROX. 7.5 ON THE MOHS SCALE. A BLUE COLORED BERYL GEMSTONE IS CALLED AN " AQUAMARINE " , YELLOW COLORED BERYL IS CALLED " HELIODOR " , PINK COLORED BERYL IS CALLED " MORGANITE " , RED COLORED BERYL IS CALLED " BIXBITE " , & THE COLORLESS ( CLEAR ) BERYL IS CALLED " GOSHENITE " . THE MONETARY VALUE OF SMALLER TO LARGER BERYL JEWELS OF THE SAME QUALITY > GOES UP " EXPONENTIALLY " . |
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FACET
=
THE FLAT SURFACES THAT ARE CUT
& POLISHED BY MAN ONTO A GEMSTONE TO REFLECT & REFRACT LIGHT >
WHICH BRINGS THE LIFE & BEAUTY OUT OF THE ROUGH NATURAL OR MAN MADE
STONE. SEE THE 58 FACETS PRECISELY
CUT ONTO THE "AMERICAN BRILLIANT CUT" FANCY COLORED DIAMONDS (
SEE THE THREE PHOTOS ABOVE ). TO LEARN MORE ABOUT FACETED CUT GEMSTONES
> WITH PHOTOS, SEE
THE WTUSA
FACETED GEMSTONE INFORMATION / CLICK
ON THIS GOLD BALL >
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| GEMSTONE = A NATURAL OR MAN MADE STONE THAT IS " DESIRABLE " ENOUGH TO BE SAVED, COLLECTED, OR USED FOR JEWELRY PURPOSES. ALL GEMSTONES ARE CLASSIFIED AS " PRECIOUS " OR " SEMIPRECIOUS ". THE TRUE "PRECIOUS" GEMSTONES ARE NATURAL MINED DIAMONDS ; RUBIES ; SAPPHIRES ; & EMERALDS. ALL THE OTHER GEMSTONES ARE CLASSIFIED & CONSIDERED TO BE "SEMIPRECIOUS" STONES .... ALTHOUGH SOME OF THESE "SEMIPRECIOUS" GEMSTONES ARE STILL QUITE DESIRABLE, BEAUTIFUL, RARE, & VERY VALUABLE. AS AN EXAMPLE > FINE DEEP REDDISH ORANGE IMPERIAL TOPAZ JEWELS, FINE DEEP PURPLE BLUE TANZANITE JEWELS, & FINE COLOR CHANGING ALEXANDRITE JEWELS > CAN ALL BE VALUED FOR MUCH MORE PER CARAT THAN SOME OF THE SO CALLED TRUE "PRECIOUS" GEMSTONES !!! | |||||||||
| GRAM ( Gr. ) = A PRECISION METRIC MEASUREMENT USED FOR LIGHTER WEIGHTS > USUALLY OF PRECIOUS METALS & JEWELRY. 31.15 GRAMS EQUALS ONE TROY OUNCE / 1,000 GRAMS = 1 KILOGRAM / ONE GRAM = APPROX. FIVE CARATS. >>> A U.S.A. NICKEL COIN WEIGHS ABOUT 5 GRAMS, OR 25 CARATS. | |||||||||
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KARAT ( K ) = A MEASUREMENT OF GOLD METAL PURITY. THE " 24 KARAT GOLD " IS PURE GOLD ( .999 FINE ) > AND IS QUITE SOFT & EASY TO BEND. THEREFOR .... FOR JEWELRY MAKING PURPOSES > PURE GOLD IS USUALLY ALLOYED WITH OTHER HARDER METALS SUCH AS COPPER, SILVER, NICKEL, ETC. TO MAKE IT MORE DURABLE ( BEND, SCRATCH, & WEAR RESISTANT ). MOST OF THE SOLID GOLD JEWELRY SOLD IN THE USA IS ONE OF THESE THREE GOLD ALLOYS .... " 18 KARAT GOLD " IS 18 PARTS PURE GOLD & 6 PARTS ALLOY METAL ( .750 FINE ) , .... " 14 KARAT GOLD " IS 14 PARTS PURE GOLD & 10 PARTS ALLOY METAL ( .585 FINE ) , .... & " 10 KARAT GOLD " IS 10 PARTS PURE GOLD & 14 PARTS ALLOY METAL ( .417 FINE ) . THE 10 KARAT GOLD ALLOY IS THE U.S. GOVERNMENT SET MINIMUM PURITY THAT CAN BE SOLD IN THE USA AND STILL BE CALLED " SOLID GOLD ". BE AWARE THAT MANY OTHER COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD FABRICATE JEWELRY USING A LOWER GOLD PURITY ALLOY. BE SURE NOT TO CONFUSE THE GOLD METAL PURITY " KARAT " , WITH THE GEMSTONE WEIGHT " CARAT " . KILOGRAM ( KG. ) = A METRIC MEASUREMENT USED FOR HEAVIER WEIGHTS. ONE KILOGRAM EQUALS 1,000 GRAMS, OR APPROX. 2.2 U.S. POUNDS. USED WHEN WEIGHING BIGGER IRON & STONE METEORITES, LARGE PRECIOUS METAL BULLION BARS, & OTHER HEAVIER ITEMS. |
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METEORITE
=
ROCKY OR IRON MATERIAL >
THAT FELL FROM OUTER SPACE AND HAS LANDED ON THE EARTH (
A PIECE OF A SHOOTING
OR FALLING STAR THAT MADE IT ALL THE WAY DOWN TO THE GROUND WITHOUT
COMPLETELY BURNING UP ). YOU CAN LEARN MUCH
MUCH MORE ON THIS SUBJECT BY READING
THE WTUSA
METEORITE BOOK >
WITH PHOTOS / CLICK ON THIS GOLD BALL >
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MILLIMETERS ( M.M. - mm ) = A PRECISION METRIC MEASUREMENT OF SIZE OR LENGTH OFTEN USED FOR GEMSTONES & JEWELRY. ONE INCH EQUALS APPROX. 25 1/2 MILLIMETERS.
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MINOR, MODERATE, HEAVY = THIS IS A WAY TO DESCRIBE THE INCLUSIONS ( INTERNAL FLAWS ) IN A GEMSTONE. MINOR MEANS A FEW SMALL INCLUSIONS ARE VISIBLE TO THE NAKED EYE, MODERATE MEANS THAT THERE ARE SOME OBVIOUS INCLUSIONS VISIBLE, AND HEAVY MEANS THAT THERE ARE MANY INCLUSIONS. >>> ALSO SEE THE DIAMOND JEWEL "CLARITY" CHARTS ABOVE. AS A GENERAL RULE : THE FEWER INCLUSIONS A JEWEL HAS, THE MORE VALUABLE. MOHS SCALE
= A
MEASUREMENT OF HARDNESS OF GEMS & MINERALS. THE RANGE IS FROM 1
TO 10
, >>> WITH ANY NUMBER MINERAL ABOVE
ABLE TO SCRATCH ANY NUMBER BELOW. TALC IS NUMBER ONE,
AND DIAMOND IS NUMBER TEN. TO SEE
THE WTUSA
MOHS CHART
> WITH PHOTOS /
CLICK ON THIS GOLD BALL >
NATURAL ( Nat. ) = A STONE MADE BY MOTHER NATURE & MINED FROM THE EARTH > NOT MADE BY MAN. AS A GENERAL RULE : THE SAME TYPE, SIZE, & QUALITY NATURAL MINED GEMSTONES ARE MORE VALUABLE THAN SYNTHETIC LAB GEMSTONES. >>> ALSO SEE "SYNTHETIC" BELOW. |
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PENNYWEIGHT ( Dwt. ) = A PRECISION MEASUREMENT OF LIGHTER WEIGHT > USUALLY OF PRECIOUS METALS & JEWELRY. 20 PENNYWEIGHT EQUALS ONE TROY OUNCE / ONE PENNYWEIGHT = 1.555 GRAMS. |
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| POINT ( Pt. ) = A PRECISION MEASUREMENT OF THE WEIGHT OF GEMSTONES. 100 POINTS EQUALS ONE CARAT, >>> THEREFOR .... 75 POINTS (.75 Pt.) = 3/4 CARAT / 50 POINTS (.50 Pt.) = 1/2 CARAT / 33 POINTS (.33 Pt.) = 1/3 CARAT / 25 POINTS (.25 Pt.) = 1/4 CARAT / 10 POINTS (.10 Pt.) = 1/10 CARAT / ETC. >>> ALSO SEE "CARAT" ABOVE. | |||||||||
| RUBY = A RED COLORED PRECIOUS NATURAL SAPPHIRE OR RED COLORED SYNTHETIC CORUNDUM GEMSTONE > WITH A MOHS HARDNESS OF 9 . A TRUE RED COLORED SAPPHIRE IS KNOWN AS AND CALLED A RUBY. >>> ALSO SEE "SAPPHIRE" BELOW. | |||||||||
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SAMURAI SWORD = A LONG SLIGHTLY CURVED STEEL SWORD POPULAR IN ASIAN COUNTRYS ( MAINLY JAPAN ) FOR MANY CENTURIES. THEY USUALLY HAVE ONE SHARP EDGE & A CHISEL SHAPED TIP. THE WOODEN HANDLE IS HELD IN PLACE WITH A PEG > AND IS REMOVABLE FOR CLEANING OF THE BLADE. MOST OF THESE OLD SWORDS ARE ALL HAND MADE, UNIQUE, BEAUTIFUL, AND CAN BE QUITE ELABORATELY DETAILED. SWORD SAPPHIRE = A PRECIOUS NATURAL MINED OR SYNTHETIC CORUNDUM GEMSTONE WITH A MOHS HARDNESS OF 9 . THE RAW SAPPHIRE CRYSTALS ARE FOUND IN MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD > BUT LIKE THE DIAMOND CRYSTALS > MOST OF THEM ARE NOT LARGE ENOUGH OR " GEMMY " ENOUGH TO CUT INTO FINE JEWELS. MANY ARE TINTED IN DIFFERENT SHADES OF BLUE > BUT THERE ALSO ARE NATURAL SAPPHIRE STONES FOUND IN OTHER BRILLIANT COLORS BESIDES BLUE > INCLUDING MANY SHADES OF GREEN, PURPLE, PINK, RED, YELLOW, ORANGE, BICOLORED, MULTICOLORED, COLOR CHANGING, CLEAR, ETC. A TRUE RED COLORED SAPPHIRE IS CALLED A " RUBY " . THESE BRIGHT COLORS WERE CAUSED FROM TRACE ELEMENT INFUSION WHEN THE NATURAL CORUNDUM CRYSTAL WAS FORMING BILLIONS OF YEARS AGO. SOME SAPPHIRE STONES WILL SHOW " ASTERISM " ( THEY DISPLAY A MOVING SILVERY SIX RAY STAR UNDER A DIRECT LIGHT SOURCE ) > CAUSED BY REFLECTION OF LIGHT OFF OF VERY FINE RUTILE NEEDLES THAT NATURALLY FORMED INSIDE THE SAPPHIRE CRYSTAL. THESE VERY RARE & UNUSUAL JEWELS ARE USUALLY CABOCHON CUT, AND ARE KNOWN AS " STAR SAPPHIRES " OR " STAR RUBIES " . THE MONETARY VALUE OF SMALLER TO LARGER SAPPHIRE JEWELS OF THE SAME QUALITY > GOES UP " EXPONENTIALLY " .
THE VERY SMALL OR SERIOUSLY FLAWED MINED RAW SAPPHIRE CRYSTAL STONES THAT ARE NOT LARGE OR " GEMMY " ENOUGH TO BE CUT INTO GEMSTONES, .... ARE CRUSHED INTO COARSE TO FINE GRIT AND USED AS NUMBERED SAPPHIRE ABRASIVES > SUCH AS "CORUNDUM GRINDING WHEELS" & THE DIFFERENT COARSENESS'S OF "CORUNDUM SANDPAPER".
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| SMOKEY QUARTZ = LIGHT TO DARK BROWN TINTED NATURAL QUARTZ SEMIPRECIOUS STONE > WITH A MOHS HARDNESS OF 7 . DEEP BROWNISH TO BLACK QUARTZ IS CALLED " MORION ". THE VERY DARK COLOR IS BELIEVED TO BE CAUSED BY LONG TERM EXPOSURE TO NATURAL RADIATION WHILE BURIED DEEP WITHIN THE EARTH. | |||||||||
| STERLING SILVER ( .925 ) = A HIGH GRADE SILVER/COPPER ALLOY WITH 925 PARTS PURE SILVER ( .999 FINE ) OUT OF 1000 PARTS TOTAL. STERLING IS A STRONG & STABLE SILVER ALLOY THAT IS USED MAINLY FOR JEWELRY & EATING UTENSILS. THERE ARE ALSO OTHER COMMON SILVER ALLOYS INCLUDING : OLD U.S.A. COIN ( PRE 1965 ) SILVER > WHICH IS .900 FINE, OLD EUROPEAN COIN SILVER > WHICH IS .800 FINE, & OTHER LESS FINE SILVER ALLOYS. BE AWARE THAT THE ITEMS THAT ARE MARKED " NICKEL SILVER " OR " SILVEROID " CONTAIN NO "REAL" PRECIOUS SILVER METAL > AND ARE .000 FINE. | |||||||||
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SYNTHETIC ( Syn. ) = A GEMSTONE NOT MADE BY MOTHER NATURE OR MINED FROM THE EARTH >>> MADE ( MANUFACTURED IN A LABORATORY ) BY MAN. A QUALITY " SYNTHETIC " GEMSTONE SHOULD HAVE " THE EXACT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION & MOHS HARDNESS " AS THE NATURAL STONE THAT IT IS REPLICATING. THE MOST COMMON SYNTHETIC JEWELS THAT YOU WILL FIND ARE RUBIES & SAPPHIRES > AND THEY ARE USUALLY EVEN " PRETTIER LOOKING & MORE DESIRABLE " THAN THE NATURAL STONES THAT THEY ARE COPYING. THIS IS BECAUSE THE POWDERED CORUNDUM " INGREDIENTS " CAN ALL BE EXACTLY MIXED & PERFECTLY COOKED IN THE LABORATORY TO CREATE A CRYSTAL CLEAR & NEAR FLAWLESS MOLTEN DROPLET SAPPHIRE OR RUBY " BOULE " .
WTUSA HAS SEVERAL OF THESE SYNTHETIC BOULES AVAILABLE > PLEASE SEE GEMSTONE 46 & 47. AS A GENERAL RULE : THE SAME TYPE, SIZE, & QUALITY NATURAL MINED GEMSTONES ARE MORE VALUABLE THAN SYNTHETIC LAB GEMSTONES. A MAN MADE STONE THAT JUST " LOOKS LIKE " OR " RESEMBLES " A CERTAIN GEMSTONE, IS CALLED A " SIMULATED " OR " FAUX " GEM. A SPARKLING JEWEL THAT IS WELL CUT FROM MAN MADE CRYSTAL CLEAR CUBIC ZIRCONIA ( CZ ) MATERIAL MAKES A VERY CONVINCING " DIAMOND SIMULATE " OR " FAUX DIAMOND " . |
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TEKTITE
= A
GLASSY OBJECT CREATED BY THE MELTING OF SAND & STONES >
CAUSED BY THE TREMENDOUS HEAT GENERATED BY A VERY LARGE METEORITE STRIKE.
TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THESE
> & TO SEE A PHOTO OF A TEKTITE, PLEASE
READ THE
WTUSA
METEORITE BOOK > WITH PHOTOS /
CLICK ON THIS GOLD BALL >
TOPAZ = A NATURAL MINED GEMSTONE WITH A MOHS HARDNESS OF 8 . TOPAZ'S ARE FOUND IN MANY COLORS > INCLUDING CLEAR, WHITE, YELLOW, BLUE, PINK, GREEN, BROWN, ETC. THE FINE " IMPERIAL " TOPAZ ( DEEP REDDISH ORANGE COLOR ) IS CALLED PRECIOUS TOPAZ > AND CAN BE VALUED AT OVER A THOUSAND DOLLARS PER CARAT !!! THE MONETARY VALUE OF SMALLER TO LARGER TOPAZ JEWELS OF THE SAME QUALITY > GOES UP " EXPONENTIALLY " .
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TRANSPARENT, TRANSLUCENT, OPAQUE = THIS IS A WAY TO DESCRIBE HOW LIGHT TRAVELS THRU A GEMSTONE. TRANSPARENT MEANS LIKE CLEAR GLASS, TRANSLUCENT MEANS LIKE MILKY GLASS, AND OPAQUE MEANS LITTLE OR NO LIGHT CAN PASS ALL THE WAY THRU THE STONE. AS A GENERAL RULE : THE CLOSER TO TRANSPARENT A JEWEL IS, THE MORE VALUABLE. TROY OUNCE ( T.Oz. ) = A MEASUREMENT OF MEDIUM WEIGHT > USUALLY OF PRECIOUS METALS. ONE TROY OUNCE EQUALS 31.15 GRAMS / 1 TROY OUNCE = 20 PENNYWEIGHT / 12 TROY OUNCES = 1 TROY POUND. |
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WHITE
GOLD =
A GOLD
METAL ALLOY THAT IS PRODUCED WHEN PURE 24 KARAT GOLD METAL (
.999 FINE ) IS ALLOYED (
MELTED & WELL MIXED TOGETHER ) WITH A
WHITE COLORED METAL SUCH AS SILVER OR NICKEL. WHEN 24 KARAT PURE GOLD
( WHICH IS NATURALLY A DEEP YELLOW COLOR ) IS ALLOYED WITH A WHITE COLORED
METAL > THE METAL ALLOY WILL TURN INTO "
WHITE GOLD ".
WHEN 24 KARAT GOLD IS ALLOYED WITH
ANOTHER YELLOW COLORED METAL SUCH AS COPPER > IT WILL REMAIN "
YELLOW GOLD ".
THE 24 KARAT GOLD CAN ALSO BE ALLOYED WITH OTHER COMBINATIONS OF METALS
THAT WILL TURN IT INTO " ROSE
GOLD " ( PINK ) & "
GREEN GOLD ".
THE "WHITE GOLD" ALLOY IS A GOOD CHOICE FOR MAKING RINGS >
BECAUSE IT IS LESS BENDABLE & MORE WEAR RESISTANT THAN "YELLOW
GOLD". >>>
ALSO SEE "KARAT"
ABOVE.
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ZONEING = A COLOR BANDING OR BLENDING OF SHADES OF COLOR IN A STONE. THIS UNUSUAL NATURAL PHENOMENA CAN MAKE A JEWEL " MORE INTERESTING " & " TRULY UNIQUE " !!! A GOOD EXAMPLE OF |
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? Send An Email To:
QUESTION@WORLDTRADING-USA.COM
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 ME
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YOUR
" SHARE OF THE TREASURE
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ACTUAL SIZE. 
> TO INDUSTRIAL.
> FANCY COLORS >
BLACK.
>
NEAR ACTUAL SIZE M.M.
GUAGE
.
PARTS
A FINE ZONED JEWEL 